GEOGRAPHIA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pendidikan Geografi
GEOGRAPHIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Penelitian Geografi [ISSN: 2774-6968] is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by the Department of Geography Education, Universitas Negeri Manado, in collaboration with Ikatan Geograf Indonesia (IGI). Published twice a year (June and December), the journal disseminates research-based empirical studies and literature reviews in Geography Education and Geographical Studies, including physical and human geography, GIS and remote sensing, spatial analysis, environmental studies, and urban and regional development. Manuscripts are accepted in Indonesian or English and undergo a double-blind peer-review process. Starting from Volume 7, Issue 1 (2026), all journal issues are published on this website. All previous volumes and issues remain available on the former website (https://ejurnal.unima.ac.id/index.php/geographia). As part of digital archive preservation, Volume 6, Issue 2 (December 2025) is maintained as the original record on the former website and is also provided on this website as a backup record.
Jurusan Pendidikan Geografi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Hukum, Universitas Negeri Manado
Analisis risiko abrasi pantai berbasis integrasi ancaman, kerentanan, dan kapasitas di desa Jangkang
This study examines the risk of coastal erosion in Mekar Indah Hamlet, Jangkang Village, Bengkalis Regency, through the integration of hazard, vulnerability, capacity, and mitigation components. The study aims to analyze the level of erosion risk and evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation efforts that have been implemented in the coastal area. The method used is a quantitative approach employing disaster risk index analysis techniques. Data were obtained through field observations, documentation, and the distribution of questionnaires to 101 respondents. The results indicate that the level of erosion hazard falls into the high category due to the influence of wave energy, the easily erodible characteristics of peat soil, and the degradation of coastal vegetation. Community vulnerability is also classified as high, primarily influenced by limited access to safe locations and the community’s weak economic conditions. Capacity and mitigation measures are in the high category; however, they have not yet been able to significantly reduce risks due to limitations in coastal protection infrastructure and preparedness systems. This study concludes that coastal erosion risks arise from complex interactions between physical, social, and institutional factors, necessitating integrated and sustainable coastal management.
Copyright (c) 2026 GEOGRAPHIA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pendidikan Geografi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengembangan e-modul heyzine flipbook mitigasi bencana gempa bumu di SMAN 1 Sigi
This research is motivated by the limited learning media used and the low utilization of technology-based learning media at SMA Negeri 1 Sigi. The purpose of this research is to develop an E-Module for the geography subject on earthquake disaster mitigation. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) type with the Four-D (4D) Model design, but only up to three stages, which are define, design, and development. Based on the data from expert media validation, the validity/feasibility score obtained was 91.67%. Expert material validation assessment obtained a feasibility/validity score of 90%. Validation by practitioner experts obtained a validity/feasibility score of 85.71%. Small group trials obtained a validity/feasibility score of 87.09%. Therefore, it can be stated that the E-Module product for Geography learning on earthquake disaster mitigation is very feasible/very valid to be used as a learning media in the classroom.
Copyright (c) 2026 Geographia: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pendidikan Geografi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Interaksi spasial dan sentralitas wilayah terhadap struktur ruang kota Tomohon
This study aims to identify the relationship between the gravity index and the centrality index on regional hierarchy and to analyze the spatial pattern of Tomohon City. The study was conducted in 44 urban villages and 5 sub-districts using a quantitative spatial approach. The analytical methods included the gravity index, scalogram, Weight Centrality Index, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression, and Moran’s I spatial autocorrelation. The variables analyzed consisted of population size, nominal GRDP, geographical distance between regions, and the number of service facilities/functions. The results showed that the gravity index had no significant relationship with regional hierarchy, while the centrality index had a positive and significant relationship with regional hierarchy. These findings indicate that the availability of facilities and service functions plays a greater role in shaping regional hierarchy than spatial interaction factors based on population, GRDP, and geographical distance. Moran’s I values of 0.049687 at the urban village level and 0.049555 at the sub-district level indicate a random spatial pattern without significant spatial autocorrelation. The distribution of facilities and centrality in Tomohon City still reflects spatial inequality. Therefore, improving the distribution of facilities and service functions in areas with low centrality is necessary to support more balanced regional development.
Coastal resilience in Semarang city: findings from a focus review
Semarang City, a rapidly urbanizing coastal city on the northern coast of Java, Indonesia, faces escalating threats from tidal flooding (rob), land subsidence, sea level rise, and climate change. This article synthesizes findings from four peer-reviewed studies addressing community adaptation strategies, barriers to climate adaptation, probabilistic flood forecasting systems, and the role of community leadership in strengthening adaptive capacity. Using a purposive focused review approach, the study identifies cross-cutting insights into how coastal communities respond to recurring environmental hazards. The analysis is framed by socio-ecological resilience theory, adaptive governance, and community-based adaptation perspectives. The findings show that most residents prefer in-situ adaptation rather than relocation due to strong social attachment and livelihood dependence. Institutional and financial constraints remain the main barriers to effective climate action at the city level. The review also highlights the potential of a pre-running database probabilistic flood forecasting framework as a scalable and resource-efficient early warning system for data-scarce environments. In addition, community leaders play a critical role in linking households with information, resources, and collective action. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of integrated, multi-level governance combining infrastructure development, adaptive planning, community empowerment, and early warning systems to strengthen long-term coastal resilience in Semarang and other Global South coastal cities.
Evaluasi kualitas air fisik-kimia mata air Uluna dalam sistem hidrogeologi CAT Manado
Uluna Spring in Tuutu Village, South Tondano District, Minahasa Regency serves as a natural water source for local hygiene and sanitation needs. This study evaluates water quality based on physical and chemical parameters within the hydrogeological framework of the Manado Groundwater Basin (CAT Manado). Grab sampling was conducted at a single discharge point with three replicates in December 2025 (SNI 6989.57-2008), analyzed at the Manado Community Health Laboratory. All tested parameters TDS (83 mg/L), turbidity (0.7 NTU), Fe (<0.0394 mg/L), Mn (<0.0058 mg/L), nitrite (<0.001 mg/L), nitrate (3 mg/L), and pH (7.6) complied with PERMENKES RI No. 2 of 2023 standards. Dissolved chromium was detected at 0.11 mg/L without a specific regulatory benchmark, necessitating Cr³⁺/Cr⁶⁺ speciation analysis in future research. The favorable water quality is attributed to high-permeability alluvial deposits acting as natural filters and the spring's position within the CAT Manado discharge zone. However, increasing recreational use poses potential contamination risks, underscoring the need for periodic hydrogeology-based monitoring.
City branding sebagai strategi pembangunan identitas kabupaten Minahasa
City branding integration into regional development planning remains fragmented in non-metropolitan Indonesian districts, while official digital platforms effectiveness in building coherent place narratives is underexplored. This study examines city branding practices in Minahasa Regency through qualitative analysis of two successive RPJMD (2021–2026 and 2025–2029) and a digital audit of three official government platforms across six branding dimensions. The 2025–2029 RPJMD marks a significant shift by formally positioning tourism as core regional identity, yet cross-sectoral coordination mechanisms and measurable brand Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) remain absent. Digital analysis confirms a parallel gap; Instagram's followers-to-post ratio of 0.69 and fragmented platform narratives evidence a condition of branding by default. This study proposes the Identity–Infrastructure–Interaction (I3) framework, extending Kavaratzis and Hatch's approach with explicit digital infrastructure and community co-creation dimensions, contributing to place branding literature for districts with high symbolic capital but limited institutional capacity.
Analisis temporal pola sebaran eceng gondok di danau Tondano menggunakan indeks NDVI berbasis citra sentinel 2A sebagai upaya dalam pengelolaan danau
Lake Tondano has experienced uncontrolled water hyacinth growth, which has negatively affected water quality and aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to analyze the distribution and density of water hyacinth and its relationship with environmental factors, particularly wind direction and nutrient availability. The study was conducted using a quantitative descriptive approach with the NDVI method based on multi-temporal Sentinel-2A satellite imagery from 2023 to 2025. The results show that the area of water hyacinth fluctuates over time, covering 324.58 ha in April 2023, decreasing in September, increasing again in October, and reaching the highest extent of 371.82 ha in April 2024, while the lowest area of 205.94 ha occurs in October 2024. Spatially, a distribution shift occurs in 2023, whereas a relatively stable pattern with dominance in the eastern part of Lake Tondano is observed during 2024–2025. These patterns indicate that dominant wind direction and nutrient availability play important roles in controlling the spatial dynamics of water hyacinth in Lake Tondano
Kompetisi spasial warung madura dan ritel modern berbasis ANN dan HUFF model di kecamatan Cibitung
This study analyzes the spatial retail structure and market share dynamics between Warung Madura as a traditional retail format and modern minimarkets (Alfamart and Indomaret) in Cibitung District, Bekasi Regency, Indonesia. Retail location data were collected through GPS-based field surveys, while consumer preferences were obtained from a questionnaire administered to 100 respondents. Spatial analysis was conducted using the Average Nearest Neighbor method to identify distribution patterns, Kernel Density Estimation to map retail density, and an integrated approach combining the Huff Model and isochrone analysis to estimate effective market share based on probabilistic consumer choice under spatial competition. The results indicate that Warung Madura exhibits a statistically significant clustered distribution pattern, whereas Alfamart and Indomaret tend to be randomly distributed. Although modern retail outlets demonstrate a greater population coverage capacity, Warung Madura maintains a stable effective market share of approximately 30% across all distance thresholds. These findings highlight that traditional retail continues to possess structural competitiveness within the local retail ecosystem despite being subject to intense modern retail competition.
Traditional neighborhood convenience store
Dinamika kerapatan vegetasi pascakebakaran dan rehabilitasi di KHDTK Temanggung
This study analyzes vegetation cover dynamics in the BNPT Forest Area with Special Purposes (KHDTK) in Temanggung Regency during the pre-fire period (2013), post-fire period (2019), and post-rehabilitation period (2025) using multitemporal Landsat imagery. The research aims to identify changes in vegetation cover due to fire, evaluate post-rehabilitation recovery, and assess the accuracy of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index-based classification through field validation. The methods included vegetation index analysis, post-classification comparison, and accuracy assessment using a confusion matrix based on 60 sample points. The results revealed a clear three-phase dynamic. In 2013, the area was dominated by high-density vegetation covering 68.96 hectares (68%). Following the 2019 fire, high-density vegetation drastically decreased to 0.21 hectares (0.21%), while low-density vegetation increased to 44.91 hectares (44.43%). The 2019–2025 period showed significant recovery, with 84.5% of the area experiencing an increase in density class, and high-density vegetation reaching 73.88%, exceeding pre-fire conditions. The accuracy assessment yielded an overall accuracy of 86.87% and a Kappa index of 80%, indicating good and reliable agreement for landscape-scale analysis. Rehabilitation activities carried out during 2020–2023 were indicated to contribute to accelerating canopy cover recovery based on NDVI measurements. However, increased NDVI values primarily reflect recovery of greenness and biomass, thus further evaluation of vegetation structure and composition is necessary to ensure complete ecological restoration.
Hydrogeochemical characteristics analysis of groundwater along coastal area of Ujong Pancu, Aceh Besar regency
Groundwater is the primary source of fresh water for communities in the coastal area of Ujong Pancu, Peukan Bada, Aceh Besar. However, limited assessments of its suitability for domestic use, combined with geological conditions dominated by high-porosity alluvial deposits (Qh), increase its vulnerability to contamination. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the hydrogeochemical characteristics and evolution of groundwater and to identify the controlling geochemical processes. A total of 10 groundwater samples were collected from dug wells and analyzed for major cations (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) and anions (Cl, SO₄, and HCO₃). The results were interpreted using Stiff and Piper diagrams to determine hydrochemical facies and groundwater evolution. The results show that groundwater is dominated by Ca–Mg–HCO₃, mixed facies, and Na–HCO₃–SO₄. The evolution of groundwater chemistry indicates carbonate mineral dissolution and cation exchange processes, in which Ca–Mg is progressively replaced by Na along the groundwater flow path. Several samples exhibit balanced Ca and HCO₃ concentrations, indicating meteoric water characteristics. In conclusion, groundwater hydrogeochemistry in the Ujong Pancu coastal area is primarily controlled by water–rock interaction and internal aquifer processes.
Studi komparatif sikap kesiapsiagaan bencana pada siswa SMA di kawasan pesisir dan industri kota Bontang
This study assesses the preparedness attitudes of high school students at SMA Negeri 2 Bontang in the context of dual hazards, namley the coastal environment and industrial risks. This study uses a descriptive-comparative approach, with a sample of 110 students selected through proportional statified random sampling. Data collection was conducted using a validated and reliable attitude questionnaire, while data analysis employed descriptive statistics and independent t-test. The result indicate that students disaster preparedness fall into the high category. However, the results of the t-test show that there are no significant differences in disaster preparedness attitudes based on residential location or parental occupational background. This suggests that an individual’s geographic and socioeconomic characteristics are not primary factors in determining students’ preparedness, likely because all students receive the same information regarding disaster mitigation within the school environment. Therefore, it is recommended that disaster mitigation education in scholls be conducted using hand-on simulation methods so that a preparedness mindset can be deeply and continuosly internalized.
Pemanfaatan webGIS storymaps sebagai media edukasi geologi pada kawasan geopark Kebumen
Kebumen Geopark has the potential of 42 geological sites with educational value as natural laboratories for teaching Basic Geology to Geography students. However, field learning is constrained by limited time and learning resources that do not adequately represent geological objects spatially and visually, making it difficult for students to relate rock type concepts to real conditions. This study aims to develop WebGIS StoryMaps-based geological education media to improve students' understanding of rock material. The method used is the 4-D Research and Development (R&D) model. Data collection techniques used observation, questionnaires, and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques used descriptive percentage analysis. The results of the study show very high feasibility in terms of material (99.25%), media (96.33%), and user response in the very good category (90.6%). These findings indicate that WebGIS StoryMaps is effective as a bridge between theoretical concepts and field conditions, and has the potential to overcome the limitations of conventional field learning. User responses revealed limitations in language adaptability, illustration exploration, navigation, and functional flexibility, indicating that the media needs improvement to be more inclusive and oriented towards active learning. The use of WebGIS StoryMaps strengthens the spatial-visual and contextual-based approach to geography learning, especially in geology learning.
Ekspedisi edukatif sungai perkotaan di kota Palembang sebagai pembelajaran kontekstual untuk geocapability mahasiswa
Urban river issues, such as pollution and pressure from riverside settlements, require prospective geography educators to develop geographical thinking alongside the ability to understand socio-environmental contexts in an integrated manner. However, studies on field-based learning in urban river contexts remain largely descriptive and have not comprehensively explained their contribution to the development of students’ geocapability. This study aims to examine students’ learning experiences through an educational expedition based on place-based learning along the Musi River corridor in Palembang and its implications for geocapability. The research subjects were Geography Education students at Universitas PGRI Palembang who participated in expeditions along the Musi River and the Sekanak River. Data were collected through written reflections and semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. The results show that students’ reflections were dominated by analytical–critical (40%) and synthetic–transformative (34.29%) levels, indicating the development of spatial thinking and environmental literacy through direct experience and cross-site comparison. These findings suggest that expedition-based learning strengthens students’ geocapability in understanding spatial complexity contextually. Theoretically, this study contributes to expanding the understanding of geocapability implementation through a place-based learning approach in urban river contexts.
Analisis hidrografi sungai Sesayap Hilir untuk kelayakan terminal khusus kayu
The development of a dedicated timber terminal requires a hydrographic assessment to ensure navigational safety and operational feasibility. This study aims to analyze tidal characteristics, current patterns, and water depth conditions in the Lower Sesayap River, North Kalimantan, as a basis for evaluating the feasibility of developing a dedicated industrial timber plantation (HTI) terminal. Data were collected through field observations of tides, measurements of current velocity and direction at the surface, middle, and bottom layers, and bathymetric depth measurements. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and comparative approaches to evaluate the relationship between tidal dynamics, current patterns, and the technical requirements for terminal operations. The results indicate that the study area is characterized by a semidiurnal tidal regime, with two high tides and two low tides each day. Current patterns across all water layers are relatively uniform, with current velocities classified as weak to moderate and directions generally following tidal phases. The water depth in the study area also meets the minimum requirements for vessel navigation and maneuvering. These findings indicate that the hydrological conditions of the Lower Sesayap River support the development of a dedicated timber terminal to facilitate the safe and efficient transportation of forest products from industrial plantation forests.
Motivasi belajar geografi dan kesadaran lingkungan siswa SMA di kawasan industri Purwosari
This study examines the influence of an industrial area on geography learning motivation and environmental awareness among high school students in Purwosari, Pasuruan Regency. The research scope covers SMA Negeri 1 Purwosari, located adjacent to the PT Indolakto industrial complex. This study aims to (1) measure the level of geography learning motivation based on the ARCS model by Keller, and (2) assess the level of environmental awareness based on Sánchez and Lafuente's framework. A quantitative descriptive survey was conducted involving 27 Grade XII students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using Likert-scale questionnaires: 20 items for learning motivation (ARCS indicators) and 25 items for environmental awareness (knowledge, attitude, behavior). Descriptive statistical analysis was applied to calculate mean scores and percentages. Results show that geography learning motivation was at a moderate level (59.5%) and environmental awareness was also moderate (62.5%). Industrial stressors such as air pollution, noise, and elevated temperatures are identified as factors that inhibit optimal learning and ecological sensitivity. The study recommends implementing contextual and outdoor-based learning strategies to simultaneously improve motivation and environmental awareness in school settings near industrial zones.
Portrait of traditional fishermen: a socio-economic study of the fishing community in Sango, Ternate, North Maluku
The most prominent social stratification in fishing communities is stratification based on control of the means of production. Price determination greatly influences the socio-economic conditions of fishing communities. This gap is also seen in the fishing community in Sango Village, Ternate Island District, Ternate City. The purpose of this study is to determine how the socio-economic activities of fishing communities are related to the fishing system, organization and patterns of cooperative relationships between fishermen, profit sharing and marketing patterns and distribution of fishermen's catch. This research method uses a phenomenological study approach that places the meaning of understanding or comprehension of the object itself, through interview techniques, observation, and documentation and analyzed descriptively-qualitatively. Sango Village is a portrait of the life of a traditional fishing community. Some traditional fishermen who live in Sango Village almost lost their source of income to support their families, but over time their economic activities have improved because they still rely on their livelihoods as fishermen, and until now they still exist in developing their activities. The fishing system and tools used by the fishing community in Sango Village in general are 1. Coho nyao toma jala (catching fish with nets) 2. Coho nyao se tabadiku (catching fish with bamboo) 3. Hau/Mangail (Fishing). Organization and pattern of Cooperation Relations between fishermen there are Punggawa and juragan. The conclusion is that the social and economic activities of the fishing community in Sango Village grow and develop reciprocally with socio-cultural aspects seen from the fishing system at sea.
Copyright (c) 2025 Geographia: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pendidikan Geografi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Media sosial dan pengetahuan remaja tentang risiko pernikahan dini: kasus SMP Negeri 55 Barombong Makassar
Early marriage remains a significant social issue in Indonesia, particularly among adolescents who have limited access to education and information. This study aims to analyze the role of social media as a source of information in shaping adolescents’ knowledge of the risks of early marriage. The study employs a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design involving 70 junior high school students. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive analysis and the chi-square test. The results show that 70% of respondents had been exposed to information about early marriage through social media, and 62.9% had a relatively high level of knowledge. However, bivariate analysis indicates that there is no statistically significant relationship between the use of social media and adolescents’ level of knowledge (p = 0.914). These findings indicate that exposure to digital information does not automatically increase knowledge, as the process of understanding formation is influenced by social context and the educational environment. Social media functions as a supportive space for information diffusion within a broader social space system.
Strategi adaptasi masyarakat pesisir terhadap banjir rob di desa Sriwulan kecamatan Sayung kabupaten Demak
Climate change and sea-level rise have increased the frequency of tidal flooding along the northern coast of Java, including Sriwulan Village, Sayung District, Demak Regency with inundation depths of 0.05–0.20 meters disrupting settlements and community activities. This study aims to analyze the environmental context and risk, assess community vulnerability and adaptive capacity, identify physical, social, and economic adaptive responses, evaluate the effectiveness of adaptation strategies, and determine the key factors influencing adaptation success. The research employed a descriptive quantitative method, with data collected through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and secondary data. The results indicate that areas with low elevation exhibit the highest vulnerability. Communities implement individual adaptations such as house elevation (96%) and fulfillment of clean water needs (95%), as well as collective adaptations through village embankment construction and mutual cooperation (82%). Seawall construction is proven to be the most effective adaptation measure, with a score of 3.9 in reducing residential exposure. The findings confirm that coastal community vulnerability results from the interaction between physical exposure and socio-economic adaptive capacity, and that collective, structural-scale adaptations are more effective than individual adaptations. The implications highlight the need for integrating structural and non-structural adaptation measures, strengthening community capacity, and enhancing local institutional support to improve the long-term resilience of coastal communities.
Optimalisasi distribusi pusat pelayanan perkotaan Usuku Tomia menggunakan kernel density estimation
Small island cities face structural challenges in providing service centres due to spatial fragmentation and limited accessibility. This study aims to analyse the spatial structure and optimise the distribution of urban service centres in the Usuku Tomia Urban Area, Wakatobi Regency, using a weighted Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) approach. Data were obtained from field observations of 163 public service facilities spread across 12 villages/subdistricts in Tomia and East Tomia Subdistricts, covering 11 service categories. The analysis was conducted using a descriptive-analytical quantitative method based on a Geographic Information System (GIS) to estimate the spatial intensity of services and establish a hierarchy of service centres. The results of the study show significant spatial inequality and form four service centre hierarchies. The subdistricts of West Tongano and Waha were identified as primary service centres (Order I) with the highest density values (>4.5 units/km²), dominated by high-weight facilities such as education, trade and services, and settlements. Conceptually, these findings expand the application of place centre theory to the context of non-contiguous small island cities. Practically, this study confirms KDE as an evidence-based policy instrument to support more efficient and equitable service centre planning in island regions.
Struktur dan dinamika sektor ekonomi perkotaan: analisis basis ekonomi kota Kotamobagu tahun 2018-2022
Regional economic development requires understanding of economic structure and sectoral dynamics to formulate effective and sustainable policies. This study aims to analyze the economic structure and sectoral dynamics of Kotamobagu City by identifying base and non-base sectors and assessing their medium-term sustainability prospects. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed using Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) data of Kotamobagu City and North Sulawesi Province at constant prices for the period 2018–2022. The analysis applied the Location Quotient (LQ) and Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ) methods. The results indicate that Kotamobagu’s economy is dominated by service sectors, particularly public administration, financial services, social services, and construction, which function as base sectors. However, DLQ analysis reveals that not all base sectors exhibit sustainable growth prospects. Conversely, several non-base sectors demonstrate positive growth dynamics and potential role repositioning. These findings confirm that sectoral advantages are dynamic and cannot be adequately assessed using static approaches alone. This research provides a theoretical contribution to the development of regional economic analysis based on sectoral dynamics and serves as an empirical basis for the formulation of regional economic development strategies.
Daily rainfall forecast based on multi-station observation data in Medan City
This study develops a multi-horizon daily rainfall forecasting model using the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) deep learning method, based on multi-station Automatic Weather Station (AWS) data in Medan City. Ten-minute AWS data from multiple stations (2021–2024) were merged and time-synchronized (UTC), followed by a quality control process including physical range checks, rate-of-change filtering, inter-variable consistency checks, and spike detection. Missing values were addressed using linear interpolation for short gaps and Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE) for longer gaps. Predictor features were constructed from weather parameters (temperature, humidity, pressure, wind, radiation), aggregated to an hourly scale, and reshaped into input time windows for LSTM. A two-layer LSTM model (128–64 units, 0.3 dropout, Adam optimizer) was trained to predict daily rainfall up to five days ahead. Evaluation metrics, including RMSE, MAE, POD, FAR, and CSI (with rainfall threshold ≥1 mm/day), indicated strong model performance: for instance, RMSE was below 10 mm/day for 1–3 day horizons, with POD above 0.80 and FAR below 0.20. The LSTM model outperformed conventional statistical models, yielding an accuracy improvement of approximately 30–40%. These findings highlight the potential of high-resolution AWS-based automatic forecasting systems to support hydrometeorological disaster mitigation in tropical urban areas.
Earthquake clustering analysis in North Sumatra region based on double-difference relocation
North Sumatra is an active tectonic zone influenced by the complex interaction between the subduction of the Indo-Australian plate and the movement of the Sumatra Fault. Accurate determination of earthquake hypocenter locations is crucial for seismotectonic modeling and disaster mitigation. This study aims to improve the precision of earthquake hypocenter location in this region through the implementation of the Double-Difference (HypoDD) relocation method and to analyze clustering based on the spatial distribution of earthquakes to identify active fault segments. The earthquake data used came from local seismic station catalogs during the period 2008–2024. The application of the HypoDD method significantly reduced the Root Mean Square (RMS) value of the average seismic phase arrival residual from 0.79373 to 0.33888, indicating an increase in the accuracy of the hypocenter location. Earthquake clustering analysis identified a total of 10 clusters that showed a strong correlation with the surrounding geological structure. The shallow earthquake cluster in the Tarutung region was dominated by a strike-slip fault mechanism, which definitively confirmed that the Renun Segment is an active segment of the Sumatra Fault with intense activity. In addition, a swarm pattern with low magnitude and very shallow depth (<15 km) was identified in the Toba Basin (Cluster 2), indicating the contribution of tectonic-magmatic processes. The cluster of medium- to deep-depth earthquakes (70–150 km) is strongly associated with subduction activity in the Sumatra intraslab megathrust zone. Overall, this study successfully mapped the spatial distribution pattern of earthquake sources in greater detail, contributing significantly to the updating of earthquake hazard maps and the determination of active fault zones in North Sumatra.
Efektivitas model two stay two stray terhadap keterampilan komunikasi siswa dalam pembelajaran geografi
This study was motivated by the low communication skills of students in geography. This can be seen from the students' lack of communication skills, such as difficulty expressing opinions, answering questions, inability to establish good communication with friends, and lack of self-confidence. The purpose of this study was to measure the effectiveness of the two stay two stray model on students' communication skills and their response to the two stay two stray learning model in the school environment. This study employs a quasi-experimental method with data analysis techniques including observation, tests, interviews, and documentation. In the experimental class, the pretest results showed a score of 45.94%, while the posttest scores increased to 68.77%. The final hypothesis calculation using the paired samples t-test showed a significant value (Sig) (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05. This indicates that the model is effective in improving students' communication skills by 76%. Based on the questionnaire administered, the majority of students responded positively to the Two stay two stray learning model, with 71.75% of students agreeing and 28.25% disagreeing. In conclusion, the implementation of the Two stay two stray learning model is effective in improving students' communication skills in geography lessons at SMA Labschool Untad.
Analisis spasial perubahan tutupan lahan terhadap suhu permukaan di kota Malang
This study aims to analyze the impact of land cover changes on land surface temperature LST in Malang City for the years 2015 2019 and 2024 using geospatial technology The methods include supervised classification for land cover analysis and LST extraction using Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 imagery The results show a significant increase in built up areas from 5 793 ha 2015 to 8 419 ha 2024 while vegetated areas declined sharply from 3 952 ha to 2 356 ha during the same period Surface temperatures rose from 28 4 C 2015 to 30 2 C 2024 indicating a negative correlation between NDVI and LST R = 0 5521 in 2024 The decline in vegetation due to urbanization contributes to rising surface temperatures This study recommends sustainable land management policies through environmentally friendly regional spatial planning.
Strategies for sustainable mangrove tourism development in Bulu Cindea
This study explores the potential and challenges of developing mangrove tourism in Bulu Cindea South Sulawesi Province Indonesia within the framework of the blue economy The research assesses the feasibility of leveraging the region s natural beauty and strategic location to promote sustainable tourism while addressing existing weaknesses and threats Using a SWOT analysis the study identifies key strengths such as the area s scenic vistas accessibility and broad mangrove ecosystems alongside weaknesses including inadequate promotion limited professional expertise and insufficient community involvement Growth opportunities include economic development strategic location community support and social media marketing while threats involve facility damage competition pollution and declining tourist interest The research employs qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate these factors offering strategic recommendations to enhance the management and promotion of mangrove tourism These recommendations include improving promotional strategies upgrading infrastructure developing professional skills involving local communities and implementing effective environmental protection measures The findings contribute to sustainable tourism by demonstrating how targeted interventions can address barriers to development and align with blue economy principles ensuring economic benefits and ecological preservation This study provides valuable insights for policymakers local stakeholders and tourism developers seeking to foster sustainable tourism practices in similar environmental contexts
School environment and its influence on student environmental attitudes at SMA negeri 13 Maros South Sulawesi
Environmental issues are a major concern in today s society and students as future leaders have the potential to drive positive environmental change However observations at SMA Negeri 13 Maros revealed that students attitudes towards environmental concern have not fully developed This research explores how the school environment influences students environmental awareness and ability to engage in environmentally conscious behavior The approach used was quantitative descriptive involving 78 samples with purposive sampling techniques The results showed that the physical environment of the school had a positive and significant effect on the attitude of the students environment with a coefficient of B = 0 238 = 0 330 t = 2 823 and p = 0 006 lt; 0 05 Meanwhile the school s social environment showed that it had a positive but insignificant effect with values of B = 0 179 = 0 204 t = 1 747 and p = 0 085 gt;0 05 This shows that the physical environment of the school has a stronger influence than the social environment These findings imply that schools should prioritize the development and improvement of the physical environment by creating more green space and building sustainable infrastructure to effectively foster students environmentally caring attitudes.
Mapping land potential and carrying capacity for cattle breeding area development
Resources have a crucial role in maintaining the sustainability of human life and the surrounding ecosystem Malang Regency one of the regions with the largest number of beef cattle in Indonesia has great potential to support the growth of the livestock sector with 234 481 beef cattle and is ranked fifth nationally Optimal support especially land carrying capacity is the key to maximizing the potential of the livestock sector The establishment of a livestock area in Tumpang District is a strategic step to increase production capacity and availability of animal feed This research uses a Mixed Methods method with a spatial approach involving data analysis such as unsupervised classification evaluation of natural forage potential and calculation of the Forage Carrying Capacity Index IDD The findings show that all villages in Tumpang District have an IDD above 2 so they are categorized as safe With several potential villages such as Pulungdowo Duwet Krajan and Bejor With these findings strategic steps can be taken to utilize this potential sustainably to increase the contribution of the livestock sector in Malang Regency
Sebaran vegetasi bunga Edelweis di kawasan taman nasional Kelimutu dengan citra Landsat 8 TM
Edelweis Anaphalis longifolia is one of Indonesia s mountain vegetation that grows at an altitude of 1 000 2 000 meters above sea level and plays a role as a pioneer plant in volcanic soils Anaphalis longifolia is one of the places in Kelimutu National Park which spans altitudes of 1 000 1 731 meters above sea level Using Landsat satellite imagery the research aims to identify environmental factors influencing edelweis distribution Data collection was conducted across six tracking routes: Moni Wologai Protelindo Dedumudi Niowula Ratebeke and Saga Bukit Sokoria combining field observations with the analysis of Landsat 8 imagery elevation SHP rock type SHP and NDVI values The results of the study show that the distribution of edelweis is most commonly found at an altitude of 1471 1599 meters above sea level Meanwhile the distribution of edelweis is at least at an altitude of 1114 1200 meters above sea level The types of rocks in the Kelimutu National Park area are young volcanic rocks and the distribution of edelweis tends to be more abundant in areas with moderate NDVI values 0 25 0 35 Environmental factors such as temperature humidity sunlight intensity soil pH and wind speed play a role in the spread of Edelweis in Kelimutu National
Perbedaan kemampuan berpikir spasial siswa berdasarkan gender di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Karangayar
Spatial thinking ability in the 21st century is crucial for students to respond to challenges and global competition While each student possesses different spatial thinking abilities these abilities are also vulnerable to decline due to the uncertain global conditions This study aims to analyze spatial thinking abilities based on students gender through the Spatial Thinking Ability Test STAT The research employs a comparative method with quantitative data analysis using a two sample t test The subjects of this study were male and female students at Muhammadiyah Senior High School 1 Karanganyar Data collection was carried out using a test The results showed that the average spatial thinking ability score for male students was 181 45 while female students scored 139 10 The Asymp Sig 2 tailed value of 0 000 with a significance value sig lt; 0 05 indicates that the alternative hypothesis Ha is accepted while the null hypothesis H0 is rejected In conclusion there is a significant difference in spatial thinking abilities suggesting that male students at Muhammadiyah Senior High School 1 Karanganyar tend to have higher spatial thinking abilities than female students