Analysis of Built-Up Land Changes in Tomohon City from 2019 to 2024 Using Sentinel-2 Imagery and Google Earth Engine
Kata Kunci:
NDBI, NDVI, Spatial Planning, Google Earth EngineAbstrak
Built-up land expansion is a key indicator of urban development, reflecting population growth, economic activities, infrastructure investment, and spatial transformation. Tomohon City, located in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, has experienced rapid urban development over recent years, resulting in significant changes in land use and land cover. Monitoring these changes is essential for understanding urban growth dynamics and supporting evidence-based spatial planning and environmental management. This study aims to analyze the spatial dynamics of built-up land in Tomohon City between 2019 and 2024 using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery processed through the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform. The analysis integrates the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) to identify and map built-up areas and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to evaluate changes in vegetation cover. Multitemporal Sentinel-2 imagery was processed to generate land cover maps and assess the spatial distribution of urban expansion over the five-year study period. The results reveal a noticeable increase in built-up areas, particularly in zones experiencing residential, commercial, and infrastructure development, accompanied by a reduction in vegetation cover in several urban fringe areas. The integration of NDBI and NDVI proved effective in detecting urban expansion and identifying land cover transitions with high spatial consistency. These findings provide valuable baseline information for monitoring urban growth, evaluating environmental impacts associated with land conversion, and supporting sustainable land management, ecological conservation, and future urban spatial planning policies in Tomohon City.
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