Spatiotemporal Analysis of The Urban Heat Island Phenomenon in Built-Up Areas of Makassar City Using Google Earth Engine (2019–2024)
Kata Kunci:
Built-Up Areas, Land Surface Temperature, Makassar City, Urban Heat IslandAbstrak
This study analyzes the Urban Heat Island phenomenon in built-up areas of Makassar City during the period 2019–2024. The objective of the study is to identify the development of built-up areas, changes in vegetation cover, the distribution of land surface temperature, and the relationship between building density and increasing surface temperature. The research employs a quantitative approach using spatial-temporal analysis based on remote sensing and geographic information systems through the Google Earth Engine platform. The data used consist of Landsat satellite imagery from 2019 and 2024, processed to generate a built-up density index, vegetation index, and land surface temperature. The results indicate that the extent of built-up areas increased from 891.49 hectares to 1,001.74 hectares, representing an increase of 12.37 percent, while newly expanded urban areas reached 297.33 hectares. The growth of built-up areas reduced vegetation cover and intensified the Urban Heat Island phenomenon. The highest surface temperatures were observed in industrial zones, central business districts, and densely populated residential areas, ranging from 36 to 41 degrees Celsius, whereas vegetated areas and water bodies exhibited lower temperatures. The study concludes that the expansion of built-up areas is the primary factor contributing to the increase in surface temperature and the intensity of the Urban Heat Island phenomenon in Makassar City, highlighting the need to strengthen urban green spaces as an environmental mitigation strategy.
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