Analysis of The Direction and Intensity of Coastal Built Up Land Expansion Using Sentinel-2 Imagery (Case Study of Central Ternate)
Keywords:
Land Expansion, Sentinel-2, GIS, GEEAbstract
Ternate City is one of the cities located on an island in Indonesia with distinctive regional development characteristics due to land space limitations and the influence of coastal areas as the center of city activities. Population growth, increased economic activity, and the accumulation of government and trade functions have driven the expansion of increasingly dense built-up areas in coastal areas. This study aims to analyze the direction and intensity of built-up area growth in the coastal area of Central Ternate District from 2019 to 2024 by utilizing Sentinel-2 imagery processed through the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The techniques used include the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) to identify built-up areas, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to observe changes in vegetation, and the Land Mask to separate land and water areas. The results of the analysis show that the built-up area increased from 646.10 hectares in 2019 to 720.84 hectares in 2024, with the expansion of new urban areas reaching 146.86 hectares. The growth of built-up areas tends to be concentrated in the eastern and southeastern parts of the coast, which have high accessibility and function as centers of economic and government activities. Space constraints due to Ternate Island's topography have led to urban development following coastal corridors rather than inland areas. These findings indicate that urbanization in Central Ternate is occurring rapidly and requires sustainable spatial management to maintain a balance between development and the coastal environment.
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